hedges
how a new hedge is established
Acer L. spp. > maple
ash/ash tree, Fraxinus excelsior L.
deciduous tree
elm
Fagus sylvatica L. > Beech, Beech-tree
Fraxinus excelsior L. > Ash, ash tree
hawthorn, Crataegus L. sp. (usually C. rhipidophylla Gand.)
lime, lime-tree, Tilia L. spp.
maple, Acer L. spp.
Prunus spinosa L. > blackthorn
Salices, Salix L. spp.
Salix L. spp. > Salices
Tilia L. spp. > lime, lime-tree
soil
Hertfordshire
Little Gaddesden
St Albans
cattle