iFACTS | Fredrik Hasselquist

Date of Birth	3 January 1722.
Place of Birth	Törnevalla, Östergötland, Sweden.
Date of Death	9 February 1752.
Place of Death	The vicinity of Smyrna, Turkey.
Monuments Medals Etc.	Fredrik Hasselquist originally had his grave at the English churchyard in Buca, but it is not longer in place. (Source; Ingmar Karlsson, Foreign Ministry Sweden; The consul in Ismir has visited the churchyard in Buca and established that the oldest part of the present day churchyard situated by the British church, only has remaining gravestones since the 1860s). Memorial plate, Törnevalla church, Östergötland, Sweden.
Variations of Name's Spelling	Fredric Hasselquist (in his travel journal, Resa till det heliga landet år 1749 til 1752). Frederic/Fredric Hasselquist (in signature of correspondence).
Preserved signature	In correspondence.
Portrait	Portrait engraving with the name ‘Friedrich Hasselquist’ added, undated. [source; Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Digital Portrait Collection Port-00083367-01]
Childhood, Adolescence & Education	Father, priest Magnus Hasselquist. Mother, Helena Maria Pontin. Very poor childhood, sickly mother and his father died when Fredrik was 12. The boy had some support from his uncle David Pontin, but he also died when Fredrik was 14. Studies, Linköping school and gymnasium. Student, Uppsala University, signed in 12 October 1741. He studied foremost medicine and natural history under Carl Linnaeus in Uppsala. Hasselquist defended a Linnaean thesis 20 June 1747 in Uppsala, the dissertation Vires plantarum concerning the effectiveness of the plants was perhaps largely authored by the respondent. He studied Arabic at Uppsala, as a preparation for his upcoming journey to Palestine. Hasselquist defended a second thesis in medicine 23 February 1749 in Stockholm, entitled Theses medicae. He became Doctor of Medicine, Uppsala 8 March 1751; during his stay in Egypt.
Professional Life	He practised as a physician parallel with his studies, end of 1740s. Member of The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, 1747.
Journeys & Voyages	He travelled to Egypt and Palestine in 1749 to document and learn about biblical plants and animals. From Stockholm 7 August 1749, to Smyrna 27 November, Alexandria 13 May 1750, from Cairo in March 1751 towards Damiette and Jaffa 1 April. Jerusalem, Jeriko, The Dead Sea, Bethlehem, Tiberia, Nazareth and Tabor were visited before leaving for Cyprus and later Smyrna. Although he died during his travels, his collections and notes were eventually sent to Sweden. (Hasselquist’s journey was financed by several academic scholarships together with collected funds from various institutions and private persons. There was still not enough funds to cover the costs during the journey, so he was obliged to put himself into debt to be able to carry on his mission. His debts were paid by the Swedish Queen Lovisa Ulrika, and his collections thus came to Sweden).
Travel Diaries & Other Publications in Connection with the Journeys & Voyages	His works were published in 1757. Iter Palaestinum eller Resa til Heliga Landet, 1749-1752. Published posthumously by Carl Linnaeus 1757, and translated to four languages. Autograph-book which Hassequist carried with him during his journeys, Linköping’s Stiftsbibliotek (diocese library).
Civil Status & Family	Unmarried.
Preserved Collections & Manuscripts	Herbarium plants and insect samples, Uppsala University Botanical and Zoological Institutions; The Museum of Evolution. Smaller collections of herbarium plants relating to Hasselquist; The Linnean Society of London, Stockholm Linnaean Herbarium and Bergius Herbarium, Stockholm. Scientific notes from Smyrna, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm and National Library, Stockholm. Mummy from Egypt, Lund University Historical Museum. (The mummy has not been able to be traced 2009). Sarcophagus and a few other items of Oriental origin, Lovisa Ulrika’s Cabinet of Natural history, Drottningholm Castle, Stockholm. Letters to P. W. Wargentin from Hasselquist, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm. Notes from Hasselquist’s botanical lectures in Stockholm. Uppsala University Library. Letters to and from Carl Linnaeus from Hasselquist, The Linnean Society of London, Linnean Correspondence. (Four letters from Linnaeus, 1750 and 19 letters from Hasselquist to Linnaeus, 1749-1751). “Partes fructificationis..., Förteckning på Herr Fredrich Hasselquists..., Index descriptionum naturalium... Anmärkningar gjorde i Aegypten af Frederic Hasselquist...”, manuscripts by Hasselquist, The Linnean Society of London.
Extra Notes	Hasselquist was able in poetry writing and verse during his study time in Uppsala. Hasselquist was heavily in debt by his death, his collection was for this reason kept by the creditor in Smyrna. Carl Linnaeus managed to advise and persuade Queen Lovisa Ulrika - who already owned a significant cabinet of curiosities and natural history specimens at Drottningholm Castle - to purchase the collection 1754 for the sum of 14.000 dlr kmt [rix-dollar copper coin]. The collection consisted of large amounts of natural-history objects, manuscripts, antiques and ethnographica from the visited areas during his travels. As a memorial to Hasselquist, Linnaeus named the genus of umbelliferous plants Hasselquistia, which is now a synonym of the generic name Tordylium. Another species of Tordylium has been named T. hasselquistiae DC.
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Observations by Fredrik Hasselquist in 1751

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Collected by Fredrik Hasselquist

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In iFACTS biographical facts of each individual Linnaeus Apostle are described, a total of seventeen men who made long voyages from the years 1746 to 1799, more than 50 years of travel in the service of science!

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